WSJ 学习笔记
2020-10-19
0.1 As Dollar Falls, World Perks Up
There’s nothing traders love more than a juicy conspiracy theory. So when the dollar abruptly reversed a yearlong climb and began sinking this year, rumors swept the markets that the world’s 20 leading economies secretly agreed in Shanghai in February to drive it down.
- juicy conspiracy theory 就是阴谋论而已,juice 是金融远期交易里面的一种方式,和果汁没什么关系,阅读上要试着避开这些细节,去抓住中心意思,你可以理解这里juice不影响你读文章。
- abruptly reversed - 结合着看 So when the dollar abruptly reversed a yearlong climb and began sinking this year,美元升值了一年,突然转向(abruptly reversed),然后开始下降(began sinking)
- drive it down - 这里的词组的 drive down = decrease,降低的意思。
要学习作者的用词地道,这里的词都类似于开车,reversed, drive down …
我昨天那个abruptly reversed问老师,她说是突然反转。
是的,从开车角度去理解。
我今天继续看了后两段,第一段是“上海条约只是一个传说,全球货币的下降跟这个秘密条约没有关系,官方因为操作汇率被指责。 dialed up没查到。
dial up 是打电话的意思,看下这里的用法,‘Never mind the odds against keeping a global currency accord secret. At the summit, officials actually dialed up their condemnation of exchange-rate manipulation.’
这里的大意是,作者本身很敌对中国的汇率制度(因为这样他的文章华尔街才有人去看),所以他用了一个反语’中国对人民币的一个全球货币协议很保密不公开,其实也没什么奇怪’,其实就是吐槽我们的汇率制度不透明,然后说我们的官方工作人员在G20峰会上,还去谴责操纵汇率。
Nonetheless, the dollar’s slide, which began before Shanghai but accelerated thereafter, does signal something important:
这句话没什么具体意义。
The worst threats that hung over the global economy
你可以理解为盘旋,全球经济上空有一个巨大的威胁
at the start of the year—higher U.S. interest rates, an oil-price collapse and a Chinese economic slump—have receded. The global economy isn’t about to take off, but its miserable first quarter may mark the bottom.
下面就是说各种经济情况,美国开年加息(收紧经济),油价暴跌,中国经济低迷快结束,也就是说经济要触底反弹了。
policy makers sought to de-emphasize in Shanghai,namely monetary policy
- policy makers 政策制定者
- sought to,seek to 旨在
- de-emphasize 弱化,emphasize 的反义词
- monetary policy 货币政策,也就是接下来多“印钱”还是少“印钱”
最重要的是,Federal Reserve明确了脆弱的全球经济需要更谨慎的调整汇率,这对美国是优势,但是会使中国市场继续更深的联结到更多的美元,世界上最为优势的外汇储备。另一方面,让欧元区和日本更加困难去提高汇率后面的 to dial up their monetary medicine
The panic that seized markets earlier this year actually traces its roots to 2014, when Saudi Arabia ramped up crude production and let oil prices crater and the Fed signaled that interest rates, which had been near zero since late 2008, would start to rise in the coming year. With its European and Japanese counterparts easing further, that sent the dollar up.
从2014年因为有过早占据市场的迹象导致恐慌,在Saudi Arabia ramped up(理解不了)
Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯,主要产石油,ramp up 加足马力的意思,也就是疯狂生产石油。
未加工的产品和让油价(crater火山口,坑。是指爆发式增长,还是降到底)the Fed 展现出that interest rates(?)自从2008年以来接近0,最近几年上升,欧洲和日本的官员简单的近一步sent up流通美元
后面句子没有选取完整(U.S. investment 是一个短语)。 我按照完整段落来跟你讲。
The combination of a rising dollar and weaker commodity prices undermined both U.S. investment and junk-bond markets,
- a rising dollar 走强的美元,表示美元一直在升值
- weaker commodity prices 大宗商品的物价一直走低。
目前这两个价格导致美国的投资和垃圾债券市场走弱。
- U.S. investment 美国投资。
- junk-bond 垃圾债怎么理解?就是那些信用很差的个人或者机构的借款,常常他们大部分都不会正常还款。
which shale-oil companies had dominated, and squeezed commodity-dependent emerging markets whose companies carried significant dollar-denominated debt.
这里面包含了不少的进入术语,需要跟你讲一下。 紧缩。比如 credit squeezed 信贷紧缩。指收紧银根减少货币投放量,这里讲到了 ’squeezed commodity-dependent emerging markets’其中’emerging markets’表示新兴市场,那么新兴市场如何理解呢?’emerging countries’又表示新兴市场国家,常常指中国、印度等,也就是欠发达国家。 那么这就说明依赖大宗商品的新兴市场在收紧(这是经济不景气的表现)。
Because the Chinese yuan is linked to the dollar, the rising greenback squeezed Chinese exporters.
人民币对美元汇率是挂钩的,那么当美元升值,中国出口商的利润空间就更小了。
- the rising greenback 绿色背书?这里指美元,因为美元是绿色的。
When the People’s Bank of China responded by devaluing the yuan, it triggered expectations of even bigger devaluations and a flood of capital outflows.
最后一句,中国央行针对目前的人民币贬值,也公布了后面的策略,会持续让人民币贬值,那么人民币不值钱了,国际资本就会从中国流出。
那么说一下中心思想。
大背景是美元升值,大宗商品贬值,大部分贸易出口商日子不好过,中国央行也不会操纵汇率,放任自流
junk-bond commodity-dependent dollar-denominated也看不懂
前面解释了。
The dollar peaked in January, while stocks and junk bonds bottomed out in mid-February. Several factors played a part: Oil prices stabilized on expected supply cuts and investors began exiting a crowded bet on a rising dollar.
美元在一月份达到顶峰(准备下降),但是股票和垃圾债在1月份达到低谷(准备反弹)。 这里列举了一些因素
- 原油供给下降
- crowded 是拥挤的意思,crowded bet 很多人都在赌美元上涨,持有它,希望以后涨的更多,从中获利,完整的句子’investors began exiting a crowded bet on a rising dollar.’的意思是投资者逐渐开始出清,不去继续看涨美元了,把手里的美元抛售。
junk-bond exiting a crowded bet看不懂
前面已经回复了。
On March 16 it signaled it would raise rates only by half that much, if that.
这句话 that 有所指带,因此要看前面一句话,才知道意思。
But the most important factor was the Fed’s decision to dial back on its plan to raise interest rates a full percentage point this year.
‘dial back’ 这是一个形象比喻,表示打电话,也就是保持沟通,那么 ‘dial back on its plan’ 就形容 Fed (美联储) 一直在死磕这自己的货币政策。
‘its plan to raise interest rates a full percentage point this year.’ 这项计划是今年加息一个点,一个点指比如现在利率是1%,一个点就会升到2%。
因此完整的理解是最重要的因素是美联储的会继续履行自己的加息货币政策,完成今年1个点的调整。
然后我们再来理解。
On March 16 it signaled it would raise rates only by half that much, if that.
if that 表示,‘如果这样的话’,指带上一句,那么3月16日这天,就会上涨 0.5%,那么一年的指标里面,一半都完成了,你说激进不激进。
it 指带 it would raise rates only by half that much
调整句子结构
If that, On March 16
signaled. 体现出来。
This was driven not by any change in the U.S. economic data but by a desire to pre-empt some of the Fed’s newfound fears.
pre-empt 表示预先计划好的。
前面我们知道3月16日,很大概率美联储就把一半的弹药用完了,这么激进,其实作者是有点讽刺意味的,就是说不是基于宏观的经济数据来决定的,而是美联储很慌(fears.)导致的。
In a speech last week, Janet Yellen emphasized her concerns about global growth and markets’ expectations of too-low inflation. “If I am seeing a downgrading of the outlook for global growth…we’d want to get ahead of that development,” she said.
Janet Yellen 是美联储的主席,头头。
意思是:如果我了解到了全球增长降低的观点?
是的。这里 Yellen 意思是她也不会100%的加息,万一太激进了,经济下行了,她还是会想点办法的(development),比如不加了,或者减息。
It would be too strong to call this a new “Fed put,” a commitment akin to a financial derivative that protects investors against losses.
Fed put 美联储降息,来刺激经济。
前面也说了,Yellen 意思是她也不会100%的加息,要是加息过度了,她还是会降息来救市的。
derivative 衍生品,你可以认为这个东西买卖得好,说明经济过热,美联储会考虑加息。因为经济过热后,会产生金融危机,因此美联储要在适当的时候踩刹车,保护投资者少亏点。
Nonetheless, the Fed’s new posture suggests a greater willingness to risk inflation breaching its 2% target in order to prevent worse scenarios for the global economy. That’s a new—and invaluable—safety net.
breaching 违反的意思。
这里作者强调,美联储的新举措暗示哟有更大的意愿提高通胀。美联储有一个2%的通胀率上限,这里作者想说明美联储会把通胀率提高到超过2%的水平。
in order to 表明美联储这么做是怕经济进入比较差的情况。
The Fed’s shift has halted the capital outflows that had pushed emerging-market currencies down.
the fed’s shift has halted the capital outflows the fed’shift 已经停止了资本的外流?
是的。
In February, foreign purchases of emerging-market stocks and bonds turned positive for the first time in eight months and
二月,国外消费市场的储存和联系在八个月以来第一次变的积极?
学会短句,抓主要结构。foreign purchases turned positive。外国投资有起色了。
for the first time in eight months 最近8个月内首次有起色,说明以前很差。
in March hit a 21-month high, according to the Institute of International Finance. Indeed, the PBOC has guided the yuan higher since mid-February.
在三月份,达到连续21个月的最高水平。
Stable commodity prices could signal a nearterm recovery for exports and manufacturing production world-wide. 稳定的物价表明一种 nearterm 世界范围内的出口和制造业生产恢复。
nearterm 指的是短期。 翻译的时候还是抓句子结构。 稳定的物价表现为了短期的(经济)恢复,这里的恢复体现在出口和全球的制造业(和出口息息相关)。
Purchasing-manager surveys show that industrial activity around the world accelerated modestly in March, according to J.P. Morgan Chase. In the U.S., it is growing again after five months of contraction.
采购经理调查,这是一个专门的术语,也就是一些第三方机构回去对一些大厂的采购经理进行问卷调查,因为他们对经济的嗅觉很灵敏,他们的观点,对经济有预测作用。
purchasing-manager测试表明4月全世界的工业活动modest accelerated(谦虚的加快?)美国经历五个月收缩后再此增长,
modest accelerated 缓慢加快。
采购经理调查体现了全球产业活动的缓慢加速。 根据摩根大通(J.P. Morgan Chase)(的信息)。 在美国,连续五个月的下降后,目前工业经济活动再次上升了。
That suggests the first quarter—when the U.S. economy probably grew less than 1% annualized, and the world just 2%—might be the bottom.
那个谁提出第一个季度when(不知道这一句怎么翻译) 美国 经济处在谷底,一年的增长少于1%,世界也只有2%?
这个地方的 that 是指代关系,指的是’Purchasing-manager surveys …’ 这一句话,充分理解这种用法。
这说明第一季度已经触底(准备反弹)。
这里是抓主要结构,同位语’when the U.S. economy probably grew less than 1% annualized, and the world just 2%’,意思是美国经济少于1%的增长,全球少于2%。这也说明了1月份的经济是触底的。
This will likely be nothing more than a return to the sluggish postcrisis rates of growth: 2% in the U.S., 3% globally. 这可能将会be nothing(怎么理解)than a return(返回还是利润?)postcrisis rates(经济增速的意思?)
‘nothing more than’ 是一个短语,也可以翻译为 better。
前面说的是一个经济的变好趋势。因此作者说这很可能是后金融危机后慢增速的回报。 2%的美国增速,3%的全球增速。
U.S. officials had no doubt hoped for more out of their Shanghai summit, but it’s a lot better than the recession or crisis that seemed all too possible in January.
U.S.officals had no doubt hoped for more out of their Shanghai summit(more out of查不到,然后整句也看不懂了),最后一句是:但是这也好过可能会发生在一月的经济萎缩或微机?
美国官员毫无疑问的希望从上海峰会上获得更多。 但是目前来看已经比衰退和危机时期好多了(衰退和危机在一月份很大概率发生了的)。
Ip, Greg. 2016. “As Dollar Falls, World Perks up.” WSJ. 2016. https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-dollar-falls-world-perks-up-1459958978.